Question # 3....Example that contradict trends...

A management information system helps an organization make better decisions. This distinguishes management information systems from other corporate information systems that automate manual functions, archive information, or communicate with customers. Companies have invested billions of dollars in their management information systems over the last decades. As a result, corporate management and staff now have access to massive quantities of information—much more, in fact, than they actually need or use. Yet, many companies do not feel that they have achieved sufficient benefits from their systems to justify their investments. Furthermore, some companies have despaired of ever obtaining competitive advantage from their management information systems. In frustration, many have simply given up, choosing to treat their IT departments strictly as cost-centers or placing them outside the organization altogether.