Question # 3....Example that contradict trends...

A management information system helps an organization make better decisions. This distinguishes management information systems from other corporate information systems that automate manual functions, archive information, or communicate with customers. Companies have invested billions of dollars in their management information systems over the last decades. As a result, corporate management and staff now have access to massive quantities of information—much more, in fact, than they actually need or use. Yet, many companies do not feel that they have achieved sufficient benefits from their systems to justify their investments. Furthermore, some companies have despaired of ever obtaining competitive advantage from their management information systems. In frustration, many have simply given up, choosing to treat their IT departments strictly as cost-centers or placing them outside the organization altogether.

How can the managers & employeesmake use w/ information as aa strategic/competitive advantage over other competitor?

As a managers or employees of the company or any establishments, they should used this kind of information as a strategic/competitive advantage in order that they could come up a better result. Especially now, the competitors were existing. It is important for them to use the resources at their disposal more effectively, to meet corporate objective, and most especially to perform the management function of planning, staffing organizing, directing and controlling very well.
This information helped the managers and employees to do their jobs efficiently, productivity, and successfully. And also it is easy for them to compete because of the hi tech information.